International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (IJPAB)
Year : 2017, Volume : 5, Issue : 1
First page : (753) Last page : (758)
Article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2546
Development of Autoregressive Time Series Model for Rainwater Harvesting Watershed of Gomti Catchment Sultanpur
Sandeep Kumar Pandey1*, N. G. Cutting2 and Santosh Srivastva3
1Department of Soil, Water, Land Engineering & Management, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
2Department of Soil, Water, Land Engineering & Management, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
3Associate Professor, Department of Soil, Water, Land Engineering & Management, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: vikku.3712@yahoo.co.in
Received: 7.02.2017 | Revised: 18.02.2017 | Accepted: 20.02.2017
ABSTRACT
Snow, rain, hail and sleet are precipitated upon the surface of the earth as meteorological water and may be considered as the original source of all the water supplied. Water accumulates mainly by direct runoff from precipitation i.e., rain or snow melting. The amount of available surface water depends largely upon rainfall. Surface and groundwater are main sources of irrigation water. Three aspects should be considered in appraising water resources which are the quantity, the quality, and the reliability of availability of water. Rainwater, rivers, lakes, streams, ponds and springs are natural sources of water. Dams, wells, tube wells, hand-pumps, canals, etc. are man-made sources of water. The WSM uses river basins as the spatial element of modeling. For each basin, all surface reservoirs, along both the main river and its tributaries, are aggregated into an “equivalent basin reservoir,” and all groundwater sources are aggregated into a single groundwater source. Water demands in each basin are estimated separately for agricultural and non-agricultural uses (the latter including industrial and municipal uses) as well as committed flow for the environment. This aggregation assumes full water transfer capacity within each basin; water in one sub basin may be used for other sub basins where needed. Although defined in the model at the basin scale, water demands in the real world are generally located in proximity to the water source, and full water transfer between sub basins and different water supply systems is often constrained by engineering and economic feasibility. To avoid the potential “aggregation fallacy” created by this degree of basin aggregation, the concept of maximum allowable water withdrawal (MAWW), The MAWW for a basin depends on source availability (including surface and groundwater), the physical capacity of water withdrawal for agricultural, domestic and industrial uses, in stream flow requirements for navigation, hydropower generation, recreation, environmental purposes, and water demand. Total water withdrawal in each basin is constrained by its MAWW, which prevents water withdrawal beyond the basin's engineering capacity. With this constraint, the river basin aggregation method should be valid for modeling water supply and demand at the basin scale but this method is mainly used for global modeling. For detailed single basin scale studies, spatial distribution of water supply and demand should be explicitly implemented with any analytical framework. The model is designed to simulate water demand and supply year by year (up to 30 years) for each basin or aggregated basin used in impact water. The model assumes that non-agricultural water demand, including municipal and industrial water demand and committed flow for in stream uses, is satisfied as the first priority, followed by livestock water demand.
Key words: Basin reservoir, Hydropower, Livestock water demand, Water simulation
Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782
Cite this article: Pandey, S.K., Cutting, N.G. and Srivastva, S., Development of Autoregressive Time Series Model for Rainwater Harvesting Watershed of Gomti Catchment Sultanpur, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci.5(1): 753-758 (2017). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2546
