INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCES

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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2021, Volume : 9, Issue : 3
First page : (257) Last page : (261)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8744

Varietal Evaluation, Calyces Yield and Jam Preparation from Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.)

B. Sujana Avela1*, Vijay Bahadhur2, Anita Kerketta3, Rajesh Singh4 and Anoorag R. Tayde5
1PG. Student, 2Advisor, 3Co advisor, 4Member, 5Member
Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute
Sam Higginbottom  University Of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Prayagraj -211007
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sujanaavela@gmail.com
Received: 11.05.2021 | Revised: 16.06.2021 | Accepted: 22.06.2021 

 ABSTRACT

Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.) has been used in number of dishes, beverages and conventional remedy of diseases for centuries. It is popular for its edible fleshy calyces and leaves that are used for making salads, tea, juices, jams, jellies, icecreams and many other products. In many countries of the world fresh calyces of roselle are harvested to produce pro health drink due to its high vitamin C and anthocyanins contents. But in bangaladesh roselle leaves and calyces are used as vegetables and its fibre is used as jute substitute. Roselle is also famous for its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nutritional analysis of calyces of roselle showed that they are high in calcium, iron, niacin, and riboflavin. It is also a source of antioxidants, anthocyanins which acts as free radical scavengers and inhibit lipid per-oxidation. Roselle is a multipurpose crop and has great potential to increase the income of farmers, producers, processors by fetching high market price both from export and local market.

Keywords: Anthocyanins, Roselle, Remedy, Diseases.

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Avela, B.S., Bahadhur, V., Kerketta, A., Singh, R., & Tayde, A. R. (2021). Varietal Evaluation, Calyces Yield and Jam Preparation from Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.), Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 9(3), 257-261. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8744

INTRODUCTION

Roselle is botanically known as Hibiscus sabdariffa Is native to India and Malaysia where it is commonly cultivated, and must have been carried at an early date to Africa1. It is a popular crop in the Middle Eastern countries and it is known with different names such as Sorrel, Mesta and Karkade.

Plants have been rich medicinal sources for a very long time and have had a special status in health caring from both remedy and prevention aspects. Even today, world health organization estimates that more than 80% of the people still reckon on traditional medication (Laila et al., 2002). Its sporofic action has a favorable effect on the functions of the stomach possession. It kills various types of bacteria and micro-organisms, and as such, decreases blood pressure and causes relaxation of the rest parts of the body (Aziz et al., 2007). The red beverage is also used in jams, tea pies, deserts and sauces.

The flowers of ‘Roselle’ are suitable for use as natural food coloring agents. It is used for controlling blood pressure. Also, it has been reported that it is sexual stimulator, appetizer, restorative, cathartic, cancer-protective, anti-cough and refrigerant (Lin et al., 2007).
Roselle is being cultivated in other parts of the world which includes Central America, West Indies and Africa. It has been widely distributed in the tropics of both hemisphere and in many areas of the West Indies. In 1954 Roselle was still being grown by individuals in Midwest for its edible herbage. By 1959 and 1960 due to wide spread alarm concerning coal far food dyes it was easy to arouse interest in Roselle as a coloring source but difficult it became difficult to obtain seeds in Florida as it had by then become nearly extinct in Puerto-Rico. Today Roselle is attracting the great attention of food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries due to rising concerns that feel it may have exploitable possibilities as natural food product; and as a colorant to replace some synthetic dyes. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L the family malvaceae, the pattern of growth of Roselle is an erect bushy herbaceous annual crop which can grow up to a height between 2.4m and 3.0m, with smooth or nea cylindrical red or green main stem depending on landrace and distinct branches.
Roselle has a lot of potential as an industrial crop. It is now considered one of the competitive beverages in the world (Schippers, 2000). Red calyces are utilized as coloring reagent for jelly, jam, beverages, sauces and food preserves (Mahadevan et al., 2009Tsai et al., 2002; & Abo-Baker & Mostafa, 2011). It contains higher amount of ascorbic acid and it is rich in riboflavin, niacin, calcium and iron (Babalola et al., 2000Wong et al., 2002Fasoyiro et al., 2005; & Qi et al., 2005). Calyx presents antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activities due to its phenolic compounds (Fasoyiro et al., 2005; & Anokwuru et al., 2011). Seeds of this plant have been found to be a good source of protein (Halimatul et al., 2007; & Mukhtar, 2007). Roselle is one of the most important and popular medicinal plants and it has several properties such as; antiseptic, aphrodisiac, cholagogue, digestive and stomachic (Akindahunsi & Olaleye, 2003; & Azooz, 2009).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The details of the various materials used and methods adopted in the experiment are presented below:
Experimental Site:
The experimental investigation was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higging bottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) in the month of July during 2019-2020. All the facilities necessary for cultivation, including labour were made available in the department.
Climate:
Prayagraj is situated at an elevation of 78 meters above sea level at 25.870 N latitudes and 81.150 E longitudes. This region has a sub-tropical climate prevailing in the South-East part of U.P. with both the extremes in temperature, i.e., the winter and the summer. In cold winter months (Dec- Jan), the temperature falls 2-5°C or even low, while in summer months (May-June) it reaches as high as 49°C. Hot blowing winds are regular feature during the summer months and an occasional spell of frost during winter. Most of the rainfall is received in the middle of July to end of September after which the intensity of rain decreases. The average rainfall is about 850-1100mm. However occasional precipitation is also not uncommon during the winter months.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The present experiment was planned and executed in the Department of Horticulture during of 2019-2020 entitled Varietal evaluation, calyces yield and Jam preparationof Hibiscus subdariffa  (Roselle)”. The experiment comprised of 7 varieties the experiment was replicated three times under Randomized Block Design. Result and discussion, which were presented in the preceding chapter are being summarized and concluded below. The varieties were shown 10th May 2020. The 7th varieties of Hibiscus subdariffa  (Roselle) in observation were AMV-4, AMV-108, AMV-8, AMV-5, AMV-9, AMV-7 and Local variety.

  1. The maximum plant height (352.67cm) was found AMV-5 whereas in minimum plant height (284.16cm) was found in local variety.
  2. The maximum number of leaves per plant (287.67) was found local variety   whereas in minimum number of leaves per plant (239.7) was found in AMV-5.
  3. The maximum number of branches per plant (31.00) was found local variety whereas AMV-4, AMV-5 and AMV-7 arenon branching.
  4. The maximum number of calyces per plant (83.67) was found local variety whereas in minimum number of calyces per plant (56.00) was found in AMV-5.
  5. The maximum Number of seed per pod (26.09) was found local variety whereas in minimum Number of seed per pod (21.32) was found in AMV-5.
  6. The maximum Seed yield per plant (g) (13.69) was found local variety whereas in minimum Seed yield per plant (10.86g) was found in AMV-7.
  7. The maximum Seed yield per plot (205.30g) was found local variety whereas in minimum Seed yield per plot (162.95g) was found in AMV-7.
  8. The maximum Seed yield (622.7 kg ha-1) was found local variety whereas in minimum Seed yield (603.51kg ha-1) was found in AMV-7.
  9. The maximum CalycesPod weight (2.37g) was found local variety whereas in minimum CalycesPod weight (3.86g) was found in AMV-5.
  10. The maximum CalycesPod yield plant (132.84g) was found local variety whereas in minimum CalycesPod yield plant (322.62g) was found in AMV-5.
  11. The maximum Calycesper plot (4.839kg) was found local variety whereas in minimum Calycesper plot (1.993kg) was found in AMV-5.
  12. The maximum Calycespod yield (179.23q ha-1) was found local variety whereas in minimum Calycespod yield (73.80q ha-1) was found in AMV-5.
  13. The highest scale of organolpetic evaluation like colour and appearance, texture, flavor and taste and overall acceptability (8.90, 8.52, 8.55 and 8.66) was found in mixed fruit jam whereas in minimum colour and appearance, texture, flavor and taste and overall acceptability (6.67, 6.14, 6.27 and 6.56) was found in AMV-5.

Notation

Varieties

Plant height (cm)

Number of leaves per plant

Number of branches per plant

30 DAS

90 DAS

150 DAS

210 DAS

30DAS

90 DAS

150 DAS

210DAS

30 DAS

90 DAS

150 DAS

210 DAS

V1

AMV-4

53.67

186.55

254.67

316.11

29.33

124.33

187.33

251.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

V2

AMV-108

70.01

220.06

288.51

350.73

42.00

150.00

215.00

277.00

4.00

15.00

23.00

26.00

V3

AMV-8

61.07

201.23

282.67

341.13

36.00

142.00

208.00

270.00

3.67

14.67

20.67

24.67

V4

AMV-5

74.87

229.77

292.22

352.67

21.67

116.67

179.67

239.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

V5

AMV-9

62.69

205.26

286.70

345.14

33.33

133.33

195.33

258.33

3.00

13.00

19.00

21.00

V6

AMV-7

54.34

192.66

265.11

328.55

24.33

123.33

185.33

248.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

V7

Local variety

49.38

149.61

212.05

284.16

47.67

159.67

217.67

287.67

5.00

17.00

26.00

31.00

 

F-Test

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

 

S.Ed.

2.047

0.939

1.48

1.88

2.183

2.044

2.917

2.219

0.454

0.526

0.432

0.526

 

C.D. at 5%

2.156

2.047

3.22

4.11

4.757

4.455

6.356

4.836

0.990

1.146

0.940

1.147

 

Notation

Varieties

number of calyces per plant

Number of seed per pod

Seed yield per plant (g)

Seed yield per plot (g)

Seed yield (kg ha-1)

V1

AMV-4

63.00

22.41

12.21

183.15

678.33

V2

AMV-108

77.33

24.71

13.19

197.80

732.59

V3

AMV-8

72.00

23.66

13.08

196.15

726.47

V4

AMV-5

56.00

21.32

11.21

168.15

622.77

V5

AMV-9

67.33

23.31

12.70

190.50

705.55

V6

AMV-7

62.00

22.35

10.86

162.95

603.51

V7

Local variety

83.67

26.09

13.69

205.30

760.36

 

F-Test

S

S

S

S

S

 

S.Ed.

0.243

0.112

0.378

5.676

45.804

 

C.D. at 5%

3.597

0.243

0.824

12.367

21.022

 

Notation

Varieties

Calyces Pod weight (g)

Calyces Pod yield plant (g)

Calyces per plot (kg)

Calyces pod yield (q ha-1)

Seed yield per plant (g)

V1

AMV-4

3.08

194.06

2.911

107.81

12.21

V2

AMV-108

3.27

252.57

3.789

140.32

13.19

V3

AMV-8

3.25

233.98

3.510

129.99

13.08

V4

AMV-5

2.37

132.84

1.993

73.80

11.21

V5

AMV-9

2.46

165.63

2.485

92.02

12.70

V6

AMV-7

2.93

181.78

2.727

100.99

10.86

V7

Local variety

3.86

322.62

4.839

179.23

13.69

 

F-Test

S

S

S

S

S

 

S.Ed.

0.180

13.012

0.195

7.229

0.378

 

C.D. at 5%

0.392

28.352

0.425

15.751

0.824

 

Varieties

Treatments combinations

Organolpetic test 9 point hedonic scale

Benefit Cost Ratio

Colour and appearance

Texture

Flavor and taste

Overall acceptability

 

T1

AMV-4

6.67

6.14

6.27

6.36

2.54

T2

AMV-108

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

3.18

T3

AMV-8

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.98

T4

AMV-5

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.85

T5

AMV-9

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.24

T6

AMV-7

7.01

7.09

7.21

7.11

2.34

T7

Local variety

8.54

8.28

8.20

8.34

3.95

T8

Mixed variety jam

8.90

8.52

8.55

8.66

 

 

F-Test

S

S

S

S

 

 

C.D.at0.5%

0.302

0.214

0.603

0.239

 

 

S.Ed.

0.141

0.100

0.281

0.111

 

 

CONCLUSION

From the present investigation it may be concluded that local variety was resulted in highest seed and calyces yield and AMV -5resulted in highest plant growth, Whereas organoleptic evaluation gave the best results in mixed fruit jam.

REFERENCES

Atta, S., Seyni, H.H., Yacoubou Bakasso, Benoît Sarr, Lona, I.,  & Saadou, M. (2011). Yield character variability in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(6), pp. 1371-1377.
Ashaye, O. A., & Adeleke, T. O. (2009). Quality attributes of stored Roselle jam. International Food Research Journal 16, 363-371.
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