INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCES

ISSN (E) : 2582 – 2845

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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2021, Volume : 9, Issue : 4
First page : (124) Last page : (128)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8755

Pesticides Usage Pattern by Cotton and Chilli Farmers in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh

C. Yaswanth* , N. Vani, B. Aparna and B. Ramana Murthy
Institute of Agribusiness Management, S.V Agricultural College, Tirupati 517502
Acharya N G Range Agricultural University, Guntur
*Corresponding Author E-mail: yeswanthc8776@gmail.com
Received: 25.06.2021 | Revised: 29.07.2021 | Accepted: 8.08.2021 

 ABSTRACT

The present study intended to know the pesticides usage pattern by cotton and chilli farmers in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. For the study Kurnool district was purposively selected as it occupies first place in gross area sown in Andhra Pradesh. Among the crops cultivated in Kurnool district, cotton and chilli were selected as the pesticide’s consumption is high in these crops. The collected data was analyzed by using percentage and frequencies. From this investigation it was found that 92.5 per cent of the sample farmers used Monocrotophos 36% SL for cotton and used as the first spray of insecticide in cotton to control sucking pests by every farmer. In chilli Pendimethalin 30% EC by 97.5 per cent by sample farmers as it controls annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds.

Keywords: Insecticide, Percentage and frequency, Sucking pests and Broad-leaved weeds.

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Yaswanth, C., Vani, N., Aparna, B., & Ramana Murthy, B. (2021). Pesticides Usage Pattern by Cotton and Chilli Farmers in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 9(4), 124-128. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8755

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is primary source of livelihood up to 58 per cent of India’s population (Indian agriculture and allied industries report, 2018). Pesticide consumption in India was accounted to 59543 metric tons, whereas in state of Andhra Pradesh it was accounted to 1432 metric tons (Indiastat, 2017-18). Pesticide usage increased rapidly for the last 2 decades at 12 per cent each year (Kumar et al.,2017).

In India, vegetables are major constituents of diet as majority of Indians are vegetarian, with a per capita consumption of 135 g per day as against the recommended 300 g per day (Kumari, 2008). Consumers generally demand for better quality vegetables. Quality vegetable to them means healthy, succulent and fresh looking vegetables with no visible rashes or holes caused by pests or diseases. To satisfy this demand, farmers have to tackle pest and disease problems by all means. The use of agrochemicals including pesticides has been found to be the immediate and cheaper way to produce unblemished vegetables and increased farm productivity.

This practice has unfortunately created numerous problems associated with pesticide abuse such as accidental poisoning to man, upset of natural environment balance and toxic residues that are hazardous to health in the environment. But without pesticides, food production would be reduced from 15 to 80 percent depending on the crop and the pest causing the damage (Joshi & Thanki,2010). In order to combat the insect pest problem, lot of pesticides is used by the vegetable growers. Higher pesticide applications lead to secondary pest outbreak, destruction of non-pest insects, soil, water and air contamination, and residues in primary and derived agricultural products that endanger both the environment and human health. Pesticides reduce soil wealth and also expose us to hazardous diseases that have effect on human beings in the longer run. They are found in everyday food and beverages includes instance cooked meals, water, wine, fruit juice refreshments and animal feed. Washing and peeling cannot remove the pesticide residues completely. Pesticide residues have also been detected in human breast milk sample, and there are concerns about prenatal exposure and health effects in children (Stamati et al.,2016). Though usage of pesticides in agriculture cannot be completely removed, optimum usage of the same can be made practical. Farmers’ understanding on the optimum usage of plant protectant chemicals reduce the soil contamination, increase the yield and reduce the hazardous diseases.
           Farmer worker’s exposure to pesticides causes health effects like cancer and birth defect in hundreds of fatalities. Farmers are directly involved in handling of pesticides are at a high risk to exposure to pesticides through contact with pesticide residues on treated crops, unsafe handling storage and disposal practices poor maintenance of spraying equipment, and lack of protective equipment or failure to use it properly. This is due to lack of education and poor knowledge by farmers. In this context, the study is planned to understand the pesticides usage pattern by cotton and chili farmers in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Kurnool district was purposively selected for the study, as it occupies first place in gross area sown in Andhra Pradesh. Out of the various crops cultivated in the Kurnool district two crops viz cotton and chilli were selected as the pesticide’s consumption is high in these crops. Two mandals for each selected crop based on the highest area under the crop was chosen for the study, thus making the total selected mandals to four. From the selected mandals, villages with maximum area under cotton and chilli cultivation were listed out and arranged in the descending order and top two villages from each mandal were selected to make total of eight villages. From the selected villages 10 farmers from each village were randomly selected for the study, to made sample size to 80 farmers. The required data collected with the help of a pre-tested schedule for the year 2019-20 using survey method.
TOOLS OF ANALYSIS
The data collected were subjected to appropriate set of statistical tools to arrive at valid conclusions. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS program.
Frequencies and Percentages
Some of the data were also interpreted in terms of their frequencies and percentages wherever necessary to know the distribution pattern of respondents according to variables.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Pesticides usage pattern in cotton by the sample farmers
Farmers in the study area used a wide range of pesticides in cotton to control weeds, insects, fungal and bacterial organisms. The analysis of the same is presented in Table 1.
An observation of Table 1 unveils that 92.5 per cent of the sample farmers used Monocrotophos 36% SL for cotton. Next to follow were Pendimethalin 30% EC by 90 per cent, Lamda-cyhalothrin 2.5% EC by 75 per cent, Validamycin 3% SL by 72.5 per cent,  Acephate 75% SP 65 per cent, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC and Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebucanozole 18.3% w/w SC by 65 per cent and Fipronil 5% EC by 62.5 per cent of farmers. Monocrotophos 36% SL were used as the first spray of insecticide in cotton to control sucking pests by every farmer in the study area. Least percentage 12.5 per cent of farmers used Flonicamid 50 % WG in minute quantity for cotton crop. The above results are similar with the findings of Sreekanth, 2018.

Pesticides usage pattern in chilli by the sample farmers
Chilli is another crop for which pesticides were used extensively, the details of which were presented in Table 2.
A look through the Table 2 unveils that major pesticides used by the sample farmers in chilli crop were Pendimethalin 30% EC by 97.5 per cent, Fipronil 5% SC by 92.5 per cent, Spinosad 45% SC by 90 per cent, Monocrotophos 36% SC by 80 per cent, Diafenthiuron 50% WP and Lamda-cyhalothrin 2.5% EC by 77.5 per cent Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC by 70 per cent and  Profenophos 50% EC, Propineb 70% WP, Zineb 68% + Hexacanozole 4% WP and Propargite 57% EC by 62.5 per cent of farmers. Pendimethalin 30% EC was used by highest per cent of farmers as it controls annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. Least percentage 10 per cent of farmers used Kresoxim methyl 44.3% SC in minute quantity for chilli crop.

Contd…

Table 2: Pesticides usage pattern in chilli by the sample farmers


Type of pesticide

Name of pesticide

Average quantity used per hectare

Used for

Number of farmers used

Per cent (%)

Herbicide

Pendimethalin 30% EC

2500ml

Annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds

39

97.50

Insecticide

Monocrotophos 36% SC

1000ml

Sucking pests

32

80.00

Insecticide

Acetamiprid 20% SP

200gms

Sucking pests

19

47.50

Insecticide

Diafenthiuron 50% WP

875gms

Sucking pests

31

77.50

Insecticide

Spinosad 45% SC

150ml

Thrips and helicoverpa

36

90.00

Insecticide

Fipronil 5% SC

1250ml

Thrips

37

92.50

Insecticide

Quinalphos 25% EC

1875ml

Lepodopteran insects

21

52.50

Insecticide

Lamda-cyhalothrin 2.5% EC

1875ml

Lepodopteran insects

31

77.50

Insecticide

Profenophos 50% EC

1875ml

Lepodopteran insects

25

62.50

Insecticide

Carbosulfan 25% EC

750-1000ml

Sucking and lepidopteran pests

22

55.00

Insecticide

Spinetoram 11.7% SC

500ml

Thrips and lepidopteran insects

18

45.00

Insecticide

Dinotefuron 20% SG

150-200gms

Sucking pests

7

17.50

Insecticide

Carbaryl 50% WP

 

Sucking and lepidopteran pests

12

30.00

Insecticide

Dimethoate 30% EC

180-750gms

Sucking and caterpillar pests

16

40.00

Insecticide

Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP

500-100gms

Stem borer and leaf folder in rice

13

32.50

Insecticide & acaricide

Ethion 50% EC

250gms

Sucking pests and mites

15

37.50

Insecticide, acaricide & nematicide

Carbofuron 3G

10-12kgs

Insects, mites, nematodes and field pests

15

37.50

Insecticide & acaricide

Profenophos 40% EC

875ml

Chewing, sucking and lepidopteran pests

13

32.50

Insecticide

Ethion 40% + Cypermethrin 5% EC

875-1000ml

Spotted & pink boll worm and whiteflies

21

52.50

Fungicide

Azoxystrobin 23% SC

500ml

Broad spectrum fungicide

21

52.50

Fungicide

Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC

750ml

Broad spectrum fungicide

28

70.00

Fungicide

Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% SG

375gms

Broad spectrum fungicide

10

25.00

Fungicide

Kresoxim methyl 44.3% SC

375ml

Downy and powdery mildew diseases of grape

4

10.00

Fungicide

Myclobutanil 10% WP

1000gms

Powdery mildew disease of grape and chillies

15

37.50

Fungicide

Propineb 70% WP

1000gms

Die back of chilli, early & late blight of potato, downy mildew of grape and scab of apple

25

62.50

Fungicide

Zineb 68% + Hexacanozole 4% WP

1000-1250gms

Sheath blight, brown spot and blast in rice

25

62.50

Fungicide

Azoxystrobin 16.7% + Tricyclazole 33.3% SC

500ml

Paddy blast and sheath blight

16

40.00

Fungicide

Captan 70% + Hexacanozole 5% WP

600-700gms

Fruit rot (anthracnose) of chillies and early & late blight of potato

15

37.50

Acaricide

Propargite 57% EC

625ml

Mites

25

62.50

Acaricide

Abacin 1.9% EC

250ml

Red mites and leaf miners

9

22.50

Bactericide

Streptomyclin

250gms

Controls fungal and bacterial diseases

16

40.00

 

CONCLUSION

Majority of farmers 92.5 per cent used Monocrotophos 36% SL and Pendimethalin 30% EC by 90 per cent for cotton. Monocrotophos 36% SL was used as the first spray of insecticide in cotton to control sucking pests by every farmer in the study area. In chilli major pesticides used by the sample farmers in were Pendimethalin 30% EC by 97.5 per cent and Fipronil 5% SC by 92.5 per cent. Pendimethalin 30% EC was used by highest per cent of farmers as it controls annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds.

REFERENCES

Joshi, H. D., & Thanki, N. (2010). Studies on farmers’ awareness regarding health threatening effect of pesticides used in vegetable cultivation. Researchgate. 1-11.
Kumar, B. A., Ragini, K., Padmasri, A., Rao, K. J., & Shashibhushan, V. (2017). Survey on pesticide usage pattern in bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences. 6(1), 182-188.
Kumari, B. (2008). Effects of household processing on reduction of pesticide residues in vegetables. Asian Research Publishing Network Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 3(4), 1-6.
Stamati, P., Maipas, S., Kotampasi, C., Stamatis, P., & Hens, L. (2016). Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in Public Health. 148(4), 1-8.
Sreekanth, M. V. (2018). Buying behaviour of farmers towards pesticides in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Thesis submitted to Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University Lam Guntur Andhra Pradesh.
http://www.indiastat.com/agriculture-consump tion of pesticides/2017-2018.
http://www.ibef.org/agriculture and allied industries/2018.

 


 


 

 




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