Archives

Cancer is one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. This has prompted ongoing research into new therapeutic drugs and treatment techniques. In this context, natural products have received much interest because of their ability to battle cancer with fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy. Among these natural sources, honey bee products, notably venom, have demonstrated promising anticancer activity. The sting of the wild honey bee, Apis dorsata, a species known for its potent venom, contains a complex mixture of bioactive compounds that may offer unique anticancer benefits. Bee venom, also known as apitoxin, comprises various enzymes, peptides and amines, including melittin, phospholipase A2 and apamin. These compounds have been extensively studied for their pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Recent studies suggest that these components can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death), inhibit tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of other anticancer drugs. However, much of the existing research has focused on bee venom from species such as Apis mellifera, with limited studies specifically addressing the venom of A. dorsata. Given the distinct ecology and behavior of A. dorsata, which often result in different venom compositions, it is necessary to explore its specific anticancer potential. This concept review seeks to provide a comprehensive and existing knowledge in the field of anticancer properties of bee venom, with a focus on the chemicals present in the sting of A. dorsata. By analyzing the unique components of this venom and their potential mechanisms of action, this review highlights the potential of A. dorsata venom as a source of novel anticancer agents.

Keywords: Apis dorsata, Bee venom, Anticancer properties, Melittin, Phospholipase A2.