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Nowadays globalization, urbanization and industrialization leads to various environmental concerns. The usage of synthetic dyes increases in many areas. Among the synthetic dyes, reactive dyes are most commonly used in all industries. Dye is an integral part which is used to impart colour to materials. The waste generated during the process and operation of the dyes, contains the inorganic and organic contaminant leading to the hazard to ecosystem and biodiversity causing impact on the environment. The physico-chemical treatment does not remove the color and dye compound concentration. The decolorization of the dye takes place either by adsorption on the microbial biomass or and enzymatic degradation. Bioremediation takes place by anaerobic and/or aerobic process. In the present review the decolorization and degradation of dyes by fungi, algae, yeast and bacteria have been cited. The factors affecting decolorization and biodegradation of dye compounds such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, agitation, effect of dye structure, electron donor and enzymes involved in microbial decolorization of dyes have been also high lightened in the review.
Key words: Decolorization, Physico-Chemical, Dye, Ecosystem